Image credits
Credits for locally included photographs and artwork. Images are resized and compressed for the web; card previews may crop their display. Full article images preserve the photographed scene. Any adapted versions remain under the original image license where required.
Qur’an folio, 800s, probably Egypt. Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1933.493. — Cleveland Museum of Art; artist unknown. CC0. Source · Original image file
Luster Bowl with Ibex, 1000s, Fustat (Old Cairo). Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.477. — Cleveland Museum of Art; artist unknown. CC0. Source · Original image file
Bowl with Geometric Designs, Damascus, 1450–1500. Brass inlaid with silver and gold. Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1945.133. — Unidentified maker. CC0 under Cleveland Museum of Art Open Access; item explicitly permits copying, modification, distribution. Source · Original image file
Dallas Museum of Art entrance, March 2009. This photograph shows the museum, not the Keir Collection installation. — cliff williams. CC BY-SA 2.0. Source · Original image file
Dar al-Islam Mosque in Abiquiu, New Mexico, photographed in 2005. — Omar Bárcena. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
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Dar al-Islam Mosque in Abiquiu, New Mexico, photographed in 2006. — Margo Maier-Moul. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
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Fountain and surrounding patterned stone floor in the Damascus Room, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1970.170. Overhead view from the museum’s open-access object photographs. — The Metropolitan Museum of Art; makers unrecorded. Public domain; The Met Open Access. Source · Original image file
Charles A. Platt’s drawing of the north exterior elevation of the Freer Gallery of Art. — Charles A. Platt. Public domain. Source · Original image file
The Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art. — Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China. CC0. Source · Original image file
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Damascus Room, Syria, dated 1707, installed at The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Gift of The Hagop Kevorkian Fund, 1970, 1970.170. This is a museum installation of a historical domestic interior. — The Metropolitan Museum of Art; makers unrecorded. Public domain; The Met Open Access. Source · Original image file
Painted and gilded woodwork detail from the Damascus Room, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1970.170. — The Metropolitan Museum of Art; makers unrecorded. Public domain; The Met Open Access. Source · Original image file
Pigeons around a Dovecote, seventeenth-century Mughal album leaf, MFAH 2014.230.A. Published records differ on its narrower date. Public-domain reproduction; resized with the full sheet retained. — Mansur (inscribed); reproduction via Google Arts & Culture / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Exterior of the David Geffen Galleries at LACMA, October 2026. — Superraptor123. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Garden Gathering, attributed to Iran, probably Isfahan, 1640–50. Stonepaste, polychrome glazed. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1903, 03.9c. — Unidentified maker. Public Domain; The Met Open Access. Source · Original image file
The Newark Museum of Art, photographed March 24, 2026. This exterior identifies the museum discussed here; it does not show the archived exhibitions or community events. — ajay_suresh. CC BY 4.0. Source · Original image file
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Shangri La, home of Doris Duke, Honolulu, Hawaii. — Carol M. Highsmith. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Shangri La, home of American philanthropist Doris Duke, Honolulu, Hawaii. — Carol M. Highsmith. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Shangri La is the Honolulu, Hawaii, home of American philanthropist Doris Duke. — Carol M. Highsmith. Public domain. Source · Original image file
The basin known as the Baptistery of Saint Louis, photographed at the Louvre in June 2022. This historical view shows the object discussed in the Smithsonian loan exhibition; it is not a photograph of the Washington installation. Photograph: Shonagon, CC0. Resized without additional cropping. — Shonagon. CC0. Source · Original image file
Qur’an manuscript W.552, folio 63b, probably ninth century. Walters Art Museum, Baltimore. — Walters Art Museum; maker unknown. CC0. Source · Original image file
Inner lining and flap of W.552’s later binding. The binding is nineteenth century or later, distinct from the manuscript’s probably ninth-century parchment pages. — Walters Art Museum; maker unknown. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Mail coat photographed at the former Higgins Armory Museum, Worcester, September 24, 2011. Historic installation; not a photograph of the current Worcester Art Museum galleries. — Daderot. Public domain (photographer’s release). Source · Original image file
A light tent photographed by Alison Christine in 2013: translucent sides, a white backdrop and a supported camera make the arrangement visible. Equipment example; not a Muslim Nook studio or a documented Muslim-owned business. Image resized from the original. — Alison Christine. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
The main Atrium at Charlotte Douglas International Airport on June 18, 2024. This historical terminal view is a landmark for orientation, not a photograph of the chapel or a current gate map. Resized without cropping. — EEJCC. CC0 1.0. Source · Original image file
The north entrance of Cone University Center in February 2025. Peace Haven is inside the building in Room 366; this photograph shows the exterior, not the reflection room. Resized without cropping. — ThaoTrin. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
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Al-Farooq Masjid, Atlanta 1. — JJonahJackalope. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Al-Farooq Masjid, Atlanta 4. — JJonahJackalope. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Al-Farooq Masjid, Atlanta 3. — JJonahJackalope. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Society of Boston, Cambridge. — Qubbat3924. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Society of Boston entrance. — Chris Rycroft. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
As-Sadiq Mosque on South Wabash Avenue, Chicago, in a photograph cataloged in August 2013. Historical exterior view; resized without cropping under CC BY-SA 3.0. — Nawabmalhi at English Wikipedia. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
Noor Islamic Cultural Center in a photograph dated July 4, 2018. This historical view does not establish which campus hosts a current program. Resized for display. — Hfuegreuhg123. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Center of Irving, photographed June 26, 2018. Its name and street number appear on the facade. Resized for display. — ICI. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Center of America in Dearborn, photographed in 2008. Resized and converted to WebP. — Dane Hillard; edited version by Wikimedia Commons contributors. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
Architectural visualization of the Ismaili Center Houston by Bloom Images, dated 2021; not a photograph of the completed building. — Bloom Images. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
ISNA headquarters in Plainfield, May 16, 2008. This is a separate institution from Al Huda in Fishers. Full-frame photograph resized for the web. — Baxter1961. CC BY 3.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Center of Southern California in a photograph dated July 4, 2018. Converted from PNG and resized for display. — Hfuegreuhg123. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Somali Museum of Minnesota-Minneapolis, MN USA. — Myotus. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Somali Museum of Minnesota Exhibit. — Myotus. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Cultural Center E96 jeh. — Jim.henderson. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Masjid Al-Jamia Green Door. — Kabobqueen. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Masjid Al-Jamia Building. — Kabobqueen. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Ar-Razzaq Islamic Center on West Chapel Hill Street, Durham, with historical marker G-148, photographed May 11, 2026. The marker distinguishes the congregation’s 1956 establishment from the building’s 1972 opening. Resized without cropping. — Willthacheerleader18. CC0 1.0. Source · Original image file
Zaytuna College. — ImmrtlDuk. CC0. Source · Original image file
The Idriss Mosque in Seattle’s Northgate neighborhood. — Joe Mabel. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
An exterior view of Seattle’s Idriss Mosque. — Joe Mabel. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
Detail of the entrance to Seattle’s Idriss Mosque. — Joe Mabel. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
King Hassan II of Morocco at the Islamic Center of Washington, March 1963. This archival scene depicts neither ADAMS nor Diyanet Center of America. Marion S. Trikosko / U.S. News & World Report collection, Library of Congress. — Marion S. Trikosko. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Tempe Islamic Community Center, photographed for reporting on its August 2017 open house. Photo: Fortesa Latifi/Cronkite News. — Fortesa Latifi/Cronkite News. CC BY-ND 4.0. Source · Original image file
Imam Anas Hlayhel led the August 2017 open-house event at Tempe Islamic Community Center. Photo: Fortesa Latifi/Cronkite News. — Fortesa Latifi/Cronkite News. CC BY-ND 4.0. Source · Original image file
Diyanet Center of America in Lanham, Maryland, photographed April 17, 2023. Exterior view; not a school visit. Resized without cropping. — Patrick Siebert / Maryland GovPics. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
Ahmed Zewail photographed in 2010. — Simon Fraser University – University Communications. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
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Ayub Ommaya, center, with Stephen J. Kennedy and Col. Sven A. Bach, pictured in Army Research and Development, April 1966. — Office of the Chief, Research and Development, U.S. Army. Public domain (U.S. government). Source · Original image file
Aziz Sancar at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in December 2015. — Holger Motzkau / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
Shahid Khan at a Jacksonville Jaguars game in September 2015. — Keith Allison. CC BY-SA 2.0. Source · Original image file
School uniform worn by Medina Rowell, Chicago, 1978–1979: brown jumper and pale yellow blouse. Object 2013.224.7.1–.2. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Jamilah Sahib. — Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture; photographer not identified. CC0 1.0. Source · Original image file
Beret worn by Medina Rowell, Chicago, 1978–1979. Object 2013.224.8. Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Jamilah Sahib. — Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture; photographer not identified. CC0 1.0. Source · Original image file
Farouk El-Baz, right, teaches lunar orbital geology to Ronald Evans while Robert Overmyer looks on, October 1972. — NASA. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Chicago’s John Hancock Center, photographed in August 1979. Its exterior diagonal braces reveal the structural approach developed by Fazlur Rahman Khan and his colleagues. — Nicolas G. Mertens. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
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UMMA Health staff, including chief strategy officer Leigh Stenberg, at the Constituent Service Fair at Holmes Avenue School in South Los Angeles, March 28, 2025. Photo: Brandon Muth/Cronkite News. — Brandon Muth / Cronkite News. CC BY-ND 4.0; Cronkite News permits use of staff photos in original coverage with attribution. Source · Original image file
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar speaking to young people in Salvador, Brazil, as a U.S. cultural ambassador on January 24, 2012. This photograph shows his diplomatic work, not Camp Skyhook. — U.S. Department of State. Public domain — U.S. Department of State official photograph. Source · Original image file
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Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and President George W. Bush at the White House Black Music Month celebration, June 26, 2006. — Eric Draper / White House. Public domain — official White House photograph. Source · Original image file
Rana el Kaliouby speaking at Web Summit in Dublin, November 2015. — Cody Glenn / SPORTSFILE / Web Summit. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
Malcolm X in March 1964. — By Marion S. Trikosko [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source · Original image file
The Mother Mosque of America in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, seen from the side and entrance. — RifeIdeas. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
Abdul-Rasheed Muhammad receives lieutenant-colonel rank at the Main Post Chapel, in a photograph published by the Army in June 2009. Credit: U.S. Army. — U.S. Army. U.S. Army public information; reuse permitted unless otherwise specified; no third-party credit on this photograph. Source · Original image file
Sacramento Kings players, including Shareef Abdur-Rahim, warm up at Oracle Arena in Oakland on December 12, 2006. This is a photograph of his playing career, not a Future Foundation program. — Eugene Kim. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
Ibtihaj Muhammad at the 2013 World Fencing Championships in Budapest. — Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 3.0. Source · Original image file
Hena Khan at the Gaithersburg Book Festival, May 2023. — Frypie. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Abd al-Majid Taleqani, Page of Calligraphy, Iran, 1763. Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1946, 46.126.4. — Abd al-Majid Taleqani. Public Domain; The Met Open Access. Source · Original image file
Ensemble, made in Palestine, nineteenth century. Embroidered linen, cotton and metal; robe, scarf and headdress. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, C.I.39.91.18a–c; gift of Irene Lewisohn and Alice Lewisohn Crowley, 1939. Historical object, not a shop item. Image resized without cropping. — The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Public domain — Met Open Access. Source · Original image file
President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Immigration Act of 1965 on October 3, 1965. — Yoichi Okamoto / LBJ Presidential Library. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file
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Portrait of Abdul Rahman Ibrahima, published as an 1834 frontispiece; Thomas Illman after Henry Inman. The Library of Congress dates the print circa 1833–1834. — Thomas Illman after Henry Inman / Library of Congress. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file
Historical portrait of Alexander Russell Webb. — Wikimedia Commons. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file
Arabic letter by Ayuba Suleiman Diallo. — Ayuba Suleiman Diallo / British Library via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Page of the Bilali Document in Arabic. — Bilali Mohammed / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Portrait of Omar ibn Said, circa 1855. — Unattributed / UNC University Libraries via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file
Ibtihaj Muhammad fences Małgorzata Kozaczuk in Orléans in 2014. — Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 3.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Center of Washington - 2551 Massachusetts Avenue NW. — AgnosticPreachersKid. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
Worshipers at the Islamic Center of Washington, D.C. — U.S. Information Agency. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Islamic Center of Washington 1954 by UPI. — United Press International. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Title page of volume one of George Sale’s English Qur’an translation, London, 1764, from Thomas Jefferson’s copy. — Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division. Public domain; no known U.S. restrictions. Source · Original image file
Binding of volume one of Jefferson’s Qur’an. The 1764 printed volume was rebound in 1918; this is not its original eighteenth-century cover. — Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division. Public domain; no known U.S. restrictions. Source · Original image file
Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X in March 1964. — Marion S. Trikosko, Public Domain. Public domain. Source · Original image file
The entrance identifies the building as the Mother Mosque of America Islamic Cultural and Heritage Center. — RifeIdeas. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
Muhammad Ali. — Ira Rosenberg. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Elijah Muhammad and Cassius Clay. — New York World-Telegram and the Sun staff photographer: Wolfson, Stanley, photographer.. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Assyrian Muslim Cemetery near Ross, photographed May 23, 2023. The small memorial building dates to 2005; it is not the original mosque. Full-frame photograph resized for this site. — Joel Bradshaw. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Warith Deen Mohammed holding a Qur’an in 1977. — United Press International / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain in the United States. Source · Original image file
Official portrait of André Carson, July 2009. Credit: United States Congress; public domain. — United States Congress. Public domain — U.S. federal government work. Source · Original image file
Official portrait of Rashad Hussain. Credit: U.S. Department of State; public domain. — U.S. Department of State. Public domain — U.S. federal government work. Source · Original image file
Mohammad Salman Hamdani’s name on panel S-66 at the South Pool of the National September 11 Memorial, Manhattan, December 6, 2011. — Luigi Novi (Nightscream). CC0 1.0. Source · Original image file
Amna Nawaz moderating a conversation at the Texas Tribune Festival in Austin, September 2022. — Larry D. Moore. CC BY 4.0. Source · Original image file
G. Willow Wilson, photographed in 2018. — GeeWillow1. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Center of Tuscaloosa, photographed February 4, 2007. Separate from the Birmingham institutions discussed above. Full frame retained; resized. — Rammerjammer. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Community Center of Anchorage Alaska, November 13, 2014. This historical exterior photograph predates the 2015 family profile and does not show the building’s current condition. — Hfuegreuhg123. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
History Colorado Center, photographed October 17, 2011. This exterior identifies the collecting institution discussed here; it does not show Imam Kolila’s 2026 interview or Muslim Family Services. — Trueshow111. CC0. Source · Original image file
Hartford Seminary, photographed June 6, 2009, before its 2021 renaming as Hartford International University for Religion and Peace. The university is the setting for the chaplaincy education discussed here; this is not a shelter-service photograph. — Daderot. Public domain. Source · Original image file
Islamic Center of Tallahassee on Old Bainbridge Road, September 5, 2026. This is the Al-Furqan address listed by FSU, separate from the Pensacola Street campus mosque. Full frame retained. — The Bushranger. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Rami Nashashibi at the 2017 Festival of Faiths in Louisville. Cropped portrait; this is not an IMAN program photograph. — Festival of Faiths / John H. Nation. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
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Islamic Center of Bloomington, Indiana, October 3, 2011. The photograph documents the community building, not the opening of a proposed clinic. Full frame retained. — Vmenkov. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
Muhammad Ali, circa 1975. This portrait predates the opening of the Muhammad Ali Center. — Bernard Gotfryd / Library of Congress. No known copyright restrictions; public domain per Wikimedia Commons. Source · Original image file
Islamic Circle of North America disaster-relief distribution in Kenner, Louisiana, October 7, 2021. U.S. government imagery does not imply endorsement of Muslim Nook. — Julie Joseph / FEMA. Public domain, U.S. government photograph. Source · Original image file
Pious Ali in a Portland Media Center mayoral-candidate interview dated October 19, 2023. Video frame via Wikimedia Commons, converted to JPEG and resized without further cropping. This is an interview portrait, not a photograph of the student program. — Portland Media Center. CC BY 3.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Center of Boston in Wayland, photographed July 9, 2011. This is a separate institution from IMSO in Roxbury and is not a photograph of its volunteers. — Daderot. CC0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Center of Central Missouri in Columbia, February 9, 2016. This is a separate institution from Salam Clinic in St. Louis. Full frame retained; resized. — Heath Cajandig. CC BY 2.0. Source · Original image file
Malcolm X Memorial Foundation visitor center in Omaha, as pictured by the National Park Service. This is not the demolished Little family home. Photograph date not supplied. No claim to original U.S. Government works. Resized from the NPS-provided image. — David Calease / National Park Service. Public domain (U.S. government). Source · Original image file
Rizwan Mosque in Southwest Portland, an Ahmadiyya Muslim Community institution distinct from ORMMS. Photograph date not established. Full frame retained. — alislam.org. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Center of Murfreesboro, August 15, 2012, with an American flag outside the new building. This is a separate congregation from Midtown Mosque in Memphis. Full-frame photograph resized for this site. — Saleh M. Sbenaty. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
Interior of the Islamic Center of Murfreesboro, August 15, 2012, five days after its first services in the new building. This is not Midtown Mosque in Memphis. Full-frame photograph resized for this site. — Saleh M. Sbenaty. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source · Original image file
Khadeeja Islamic Center in West Valley City, September 3, 2018. A separate institution from the Al-Mustafa Foundation’s gift and heritage projects. Full-frame photograph resized for this site. — Ben P L. CC BY-SA 2.0. Source · Original image file
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The MAPS sign in Redmond on November 22, 2016, after reported vandalism. This is not a photograph of the later replacement-sign dedication or the clinic. Full frame retained. — Dennis Bratland. CC BY-SA 4.0. Source · Original image file
An Iznik dish with grape clusters and vines at the Huntington Museum of Art, photographed May 16, 2013. The photographer’s object record dates it to about 1600 and identifies it with the Touma family gift. Historical museum view; not the Syrian revival bowl discussed below. Resized without cropping. — Daderot. CC0 1.0. Source · Original image file
Islamic Society of Northern Wisconsin in Altoona; photograph uploaded March 15, 2006. Uploader released the image into the public domain. Full frame retained; resized. — Autoshade~commonswiki (attributed by Commons). Public domain. Source · Original image file
